How does Selenium work, and what are its advantages and limitations for web application testing?

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Hands-on Experience: Real-time projects and case studies.

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How Does Selenium Work, and What Are Its Advantages and Limitations for Web Application Testing?

Selenium is a widely-used open-source tool for automating web application testing. It supports multiple browsers (like Chrome, Firefox, and Edge), platforms (Windows, macOS, Linux), and programming languages (Java, Python, C#, etc.).

How Selenium Works:

Selenium uses WebDriver, a core component that interacts directly with web browsers. It simulates real user actions such as clicking buttons, entering text, navigating between pages, and validating outputs. Test scripts are written in a supported programming language and executed using the WebDriver API, which sends commands to the browser and retrieves results.


Selenium operates in the following steps:

Test Script Creation – Write test cases using a supported language.

Command Execution – WebDriver sends browser commands via HTTP protocol.

Browser Interaction – Selenium interacts with the DOM to simulate user actions.

Results Capture – Test outcomes are logged and validated.


Advantages of Selenium:

Cross-Browser Testing: Supports all major web browsers.

Multi-Language Support: Write scripts in Java, Python, C#, Ruby, etc.

Open Source: Free to use and backed by a strong community.

Integration Friendly: Works with tools like TestNG, JUnit, Maven, Jenkins, and Docker.

Parallel Testing: Supports grid execution for faster testing.


Limitations of Selenium:

Web-Only: Cannot test desktop or mobile applications directly.

Requires Programming Knowledge: Not ideal for non-technical testers.

No Built-in Reporting: Needs third-party tools for reports.

Dynamic Content Issues: Struggles with testing dynamic elements or CAPTCHAs.

Despite its limitations, Selenium remains a powerful and flexible tool for automated web application testing.


Read More:

What is API testing, and which tools are commonly used for it?

What are some popular automation tools used for front-end testing?

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